ABSTRACT
There are several viruses considered to be ecologically problematic, including COVID-19.The samples were collected from persons with middle and severe cases of patients with COVID-19 as well as other samples from patients who were appeared symptoms or recovered from infection of coronavirus, where the number of cases 100 and measured levels of cytokines in the serum of patients as IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), estimated by immune assay called enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Where serum level of TNF-α in persons not illustrated a significant difference in all groups, while the interleukin 6 in severe and middle case groups of COVID-19 was high significantly compared with normal and recovered cases groups of COVID-19. Also, the concentration of interleukin 8 was low in the serum of patients infected by a coronavirus in the cases of severe and middle respectively compared with normal cases and recovered cases that healing from coronavirus infection which maybe gives a prediction for disease COVID-19, also showing different concentrations of cytokines in cases of the COVID-19 group than the normal group that may belong to several mechanisms of immunoregulatory detected in cases of COVID-19 pathogenesis. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2023.
ABSTRACT
Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 are associated with several blood parameters. In this report we investigate the relation between COVID-19 susceptibility to the gender, ABO blood, patient's age and blood parameters. Blood samples of 50 patients were analysed for five months to detect ferritin, D-dimer, CR Protein, W. BCs count, COVID-19 IgM and COVID-19 IgG. According to the gender of the cases. The results showed that number of male's incidence is higher than in females (31case-62% male) (19 case-38%) respectively. The incidence of COVID-19 in.age period 30-42 years showed the highest number for both genders. The ABO blood group investigations showed that cases with blood group A+ were the highest percentage and the lowest was in the AB+ blood group for both genders. The blood parameters were significant elevated;ferritin (95% Confidence Interval CI: 304.7-540.2, Median 198.3, Range (IQR) 1163.11), the reactive protein (CRP) titre significant elevated (95% CI, 62.11-93.73 mg/L, median of CRP titre 59) and D-Dimer (95% CI, 0.5647-1.039mg/L, median of D-Dimer titre 0.4 while Range (IQR) 3. Higher levels of white blood cell (95% CI, 10.55-12, median of WBC 10.94). Finally, elevated titre of IgG, CI 95% 2. 926-4.966, Median 2.405, Range (IQR) 17.03. Whereas, IgM CI 95% 6.905-12.04 Median 6.14, Range (IQR) 44.53). In summary, our results showed that COVID-19 impact significantly on ferritin, D-dimer, CR Protein, W. BCs count, IgM and IgG. Additionally, there was a significant association between COVID-19 predisposition and the ABO blood group. Persons with blood group A have a higher risk comparing with blood group AB individuals, how have a lower risk for COVID-19 infection. Based on the results of the study, it demonstrated a correlation between older age and change in blood parameters post Covid-19 infection. Current study suggest that aged people and blood group A might need particularly more awareness to protect and reduce the possibility of infection. © 2022 Author(s).